JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF CITIZENS’ OBLIGATIONS FROM A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

In the Indonesian constitutional system, The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia not only guarantees the rights of citizens but also regulates a number of fundamental obligations that must be fulfilled in social, national, and state life. This study aims to analyze the legal basis, classification, implementation, and challenges of citizens’ obligations from a constitutional perspective under the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that citizens’ obligations can be classified into explicit obligations, which are expressly stipulated in constitutional provisions, and implicit obligations derived from constitutional values and principles. Constitutional obligations include obeying the law, participating in national defense, respecting the human rights of others, attending basic education, and paying taxes. The study also reveals several challenges in implementation, including low legal awareness, weak law enforcement, and the imbalance between the fulfillment of rights and obligations. Therefore, strengthening civic education, enhancing public legal awareness, and harmonizing legislation are necessary to optimize the implementation of constitutional obligations. A balanced understanding of rights and obligations is essential to realizing a democratic society based on the rule of law in accordance with the 1945 Constitution.