THE POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT IN INDONESIA’S CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

This study examines the position of the President within the Indonesian governmental system based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The research aims to analyze the constitutional status of the President, the scope of presidential powers, the relationship between the President and other state institutions, and the implementation of the checks and balances mechanism after the constitutional amendments. This research employs a normative juridical approach by examining constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, and relevant legal literature related to the presidential system in Indonesia.

The findings indicate that the constitutional amendments have significantly transformed the position of the President. The President remains the head of state and head of government with extensive executive authority; however, presidential powers are now subject to constitutional limitations and institutional oversight. The study also reveals that the President exercises authority in executive, legislative, judicial, and defense sectors while maintaining constitutional relations with the House of Representatives (DPR), the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the Supreme Court (MA), and the Constitutional Court (MK). These relationships reflect the application of the checks and balances principle within Indonesia’s constitutional framework.

Furthermore, the implementation of a presidential system after the constitutional amendments has strengthened democratic governance by balancing governmental effectiveness with limitations on executive power. In conclusion, the President occupies a central position in the Indonesian constitutional system, but the exercise of presidential authority is regulated and supervised through constitutional mechanisms to ensure the realization of the rule of law, democracy, and accountable governance.